It probably reached China by 700 ad, East Africa by 800 ad, West Africa by 1200 ad, and Jamaica in the eighteenth century. The use of turmeric dates back nearly 4000 years to the Vedic culture in India, where it was used as a culinary spice and had some religious significance. ORIGIN, NOMENCLATURE, HISTORY, CULTIVATION, AND PROCESSING OF TURMERIC This review first discusses in vitro studies with turmeric, followed by animal studies, and finally studies carried out on humans the safety and efficacy of turmeric are further addressed.ġ3.2. Because of its brilliant yellow color, turmeric is also known as “Indian saffron.” Modern medicine has begun to recognize its importance, as indicated by the over 3000 publications dealing with turmeric that came out within the last 25 years. In Southeast Asia, turmeric is used not only as a principal spice but also as a component in religious ceremonies. Turmeric is a plant that has a very long history of medicinal use, dating back nearly 4000 years.
Nonetheless, modern medicine has neither held in very high esteem nor encouraged the medicinal use of natural products. Although many synthetic drugs are produced through combinatorial chemistry, plant-based drugs are more suitable, at least in biochemical terms, for human use. Of the at least 877 small-molecule drugs introduced worldwide between 19, the origins of most (61%) can be traced to natural products ( Newman and Cragg 2007). The Indian system of holistic medicine known as “Ayurveda” uses mainly plant-based drugs or formulations to treat various ailments, including cancer. Medicines derived from plants have played a pivotal role in the health care of many cultures, both ancient and modern ( Newman, Cragg, and Sander 2003 Butler 2004 Balunas and Kinghorn 2005 Gurib-Fakim 2006 Newman and Cragg 2007). Many of these natural products have pharmacological or biological activity that can be exploited in pharmaceutical drug discovery and drug design. Tens of thousands of these products are produced as secondary metabolites by higher plants as a natural defense mechanism against disease and infection. Having co-evolved with animal life, many of the plants from which these natural products are derived are billions of years old. Natural plant products have been used throughout human history for various purposes.
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